Trades by Career: Guide to Skilled Job Paths

Choosing a trade career starts with knowing what each trade involves and the path to get there. Each skilled trade has its own training, certifications, and state rules. The sooner you know your requirements, the faster you can get qualified and on the job.

Trades are not one-size-fits-all. Some require classroom hours before you start work. Others let you earn while you learn through apprenticeships. Many have licensing exams you must pass before working independently.

Below is a breakdown of common trades, what training you need, and how to get licensed.

Electrician

Electricians install, maintain, and repair electrical systems in homes, businesses, and industrial sites.

Training Steps:

1. Complete a state-approved technical program or apprenticeship.
2. Log the required on-the-job training hours (often 4,000-8,000 hours depending on your state).
3. Pass your state's journeyman electrician exam.
4. Maintain your license with continuing education.

Typical Training Length by Path:

In most states, all electrical work must follow the National Electrical Code (NEC) for safety compliance¹.

Internal link: Learn more about electrician training requirements.

Plumber

Plumbers install and repair piping systems for water, gas, and waste in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.

Training Steps:

1. Register as an apprentice plumber with your state licensing board.
2. Complete a plumbing trade school program or a direct apprenticeship.
3. Accumulate required work hours-many states require at least 2-5 years.
4. Pass the state journeyman plumber exam.

Many plumbing jobs require state or municipal permits before work begins.

Internal link: See more on plumbing programs.

HVAC Technician

HVAC technicians install and service heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems.

Training Steps:

1. Complete an EPA Section 608 Certification if working with refrigerants.
2. Attend an HVAC trade program or start as an apprentice.
3. Gain on-the-job experience.
4. Maintain any required local or state licenses.

EPA Section 608 Certification is required by federal law for handling refrigerants².

Internal link: Learn more about HVAC trade school options.

Welder

Welders fuse metal parts using various welding processes like MIG, TIG, and arc welding.

Training Steps:

1. Choose a welding specialization and complete a certified program.
2. Pass welding performance tests for certifications from organizations like the American Welding Society (AWS).
3. Gain field experience in your chosen industry.

Welding requires strict adherence to OSHA safety standards to protect against burns and fumes³.

Internal link: Explore welding school training.

Carpenter

Carpenters build and repair wooden structures, furniture, and frameworks.

Training Steps:

1. Join a carpentry apprenticeship or take a vocational training course.
2. Learn blueprint reading, power tool safety, and building codes.
3. Complete on-the-job training hours.

Some states require contractor registration if you take on independent carpentry work.

Internal link: Find out more about carpentry programs.

How to Choose the Right Trade

Ask yourself:

• Do you want to work indoors, outdoors, or both?
• Are you comfortable with physical labor?
• How much time can you commit to training before working full-time?
• Does the trade require licensing in your state?

Licensing and Certification

Licensing rules vary by state. Always confirm with your state licensing board before starting training.

Common requirements include:

• Minimum age (usually 18)
• High school diploma or GED
• Completion of a state-approved training program
• Passing a written and/or practical exam
• Proof of work hours logged under a licensed professional

Working without the required license can lead to fines, loss of work, and legal penalties.

Training Costs and Funding

Trade school tuition varies by trade, location, and program length. To cover costs:

• Check for state workforce grants.
• Ask trade schools about scholarships.
• Look into apprenticeships, which often pay you during training.

Safety Matters

Every trade has safety risks. Learn and follow OSHA safety practices from day one. Good habits protect your health and help you keep working for years.

Summary and Next Step

If you know the trade you want, your next step is to confirm your state requirements and pick the right training path. Start by:

1. Visiting your state's licensing board website.
2. Researching accredited trade schools in your area.
3. Contacting a program to ask about schedules, costs, and start dates.

Your trade career starts with one decision: picking a path and taking the first step toward training.

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