Programs Near You
Select a program of interest and we’ll connect you with trade schools that match your goals.
How to Become a Radiologic Technologist (X-Ray Tech)
Quick answer: how to become a Radiologic Technologist
Complete an accredited radiologic technology program (typically an associate degree taking 2 years), pass the ARRT certification exam, obtain state licensure where required, and begin your imaging career. Radiologic technologists earn a median salary of $65,140 with 17,400 annual job openings in diagnostic imaging.
What does a Radiologic Technologist do?
Radiologic technologists (also called radiographers or X-ray technicians) operate imaging equipment to create diagnostic images of patients’ internal structures. They work with physicians to capture X-rays, CT scans, and fluoroscopic images that help diagnose injuries, diseases, and conditions - serving as essential members of healthcare diagnostic teams.
Primary Responsibilities
Patient Care and Preparation:
- Explain imaging procedures to patients and address concerns
- Position patients correctly for optimal image quality
- Adjust equipment settings based on patient size and body part
- Ensure patient comfort and safety during procedures
- Shield patients from unnecessary radiation exposure
Imaging Procedures:
- Operate X-ray and fluoroscopy equipment
- Capture diagnostic images of bones, organs, and tissues
- Perform contrast studies (barium, IVP)
- Conduct mobile/portable imaging in patient rooms
- Assist with interventional radiology procedures
Image Quality and Technical Skills:
- Evaluate images for diagnostic quality
- Repeat images when necessary
- Apply positioning techniques for various anatomical structures
- Adjust exposure factors for optimal image contrast
- Maintain image archives and PACS systems
Safety and Compliance:
- Follow ALARA principles (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)
- Wear and monitor radiation dosimetry badges
- Maintain equipment calibration and safety checks
- Document procedures according to protocols
- Ensure HIPAA compliance in patient records
Work Environment
Radiologic technologists work in various healthcare settings:
- Hospitals (emergency, surgical, inpatient units)
- Outpatient imaging centers
- Physician offices and clinics
- Urgent care centers
- Mobile imaging services
- Orthopedic and sports medicine practices
Certification and licensing requirements
ARRT Certification
Issuing Organization: American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
Requirements for ARRT (R):
- Graduate from JRCERT-accredited radiography program
- Meet ethics requirements
- Pass the ARRT certification examination
Exam Details:
- 200 multiple-choice questions
- 3.5-hour time limit
- Covers patient care, safety, procedures, and equipment
- $225 exam fee
Renewal: Every 2 years with 24 continuing education credits
State Licensure
Most states require radiologic technologists to be licensed:
| State Category | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Licensed States (Most) | ARRT certification + state license |
| Permit States | Registration with state agency |
| Non-Regulated States | Minimal or no state requirements |
Additional Certifications
Technologists can earn post-primary certifications in specialty modalities:
| Certification | Modality | Additional Training |
|---|---|---|
| RT(CT) | Computed Tomography | Structured education + clinical |
| RT(M) | Mammography | Structured education + clinical |
| RT(BD) | Bone Densitometry | Structured education + clinical |
| RT(CV) | Cardiovascular-Interventional | Advanced program |
| RT(MR) | Magnetic Resonance | Separate pathway or post-primary |
Step-by-step path to becoming a Radiologic Technologist
Step 1: meet basic requirements
Education: High school diploma or GED required
Recommended Preparation:
- Biology, chemistry, and physics
- Anatomy and physiology
- Mathematics (algebra)
- Computer skills
- Communication skills
Physical Requirements:
- Ability to stand for extended periods
- Lift and position patients (50+ lbs)
- Good visual acuity for image evaluation
- Manual dexterity for equipment operation
Step 2: complete an accredited radiography program
Choose a JRCERT-accredited program:
Associate Degree (2 years) - Most Common
- Comprehensive radiography curriculum
- Clinical rotation experience
- Qualifies for ARRT certification
- Entry point for most positions
Bachelor’s Degree (4 years)
- Includes general education
- May offer management/education tracks
- Better advancement opportunities
- Higher starting salaries
Certificate Programs (12-24 months)
- For those with related healthcare degrees
- Intensive clinical focus
- Less common pathway
Core Curriculum:
- Radiographic anatomy and positioning
- Radiation physics and biology
- Radiation protection and safety
- Image acquisition and evaluation
- Patient care and pharmacology
- Medical ethics and law
- Pathology for radiographers
- Quality assurance
Step 3: complete clinical rotations
Hands-on experience in real healthcare settings:
- Minimum 1,800+ clinical hours (varies by program)
- Rotation through multiple imaging areas
- Direct patient interaction
- Supervised image production
- Competency evaluations
Step 4: Pass the ARRT Certification Exam
After graduating:
- Submit ARRT application and fees
- Complete background check process
- Schedule exam at approved testing center
- Pass certification examination
- Receive RT(R) credential
Step 5: obtain state license
If your state requires licensure:
- Apply to state radiologic technology board
- Submit proof of ARRT certification
- Pay licensing fees
- Complete any additional state requirements
- Receive state license
Step 6: begin your career
Entry-Level Positions:
- Staff radiologic technologist
- General X-ray technologist
- Emergency department radiographer
- Outpatient imaging technologist
Where New Graduates Find Work:
- Community hospitals
- Outpatient imaging centers
- Orthopedic practices
- Urgent care facilities
- Multi-specialty clinics
Training programs and education options
Program types comparison
| Program Type | Duration | Cost Range | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Associate Degree | 2 years | $10,000-$25,000 | Standard entry path |
| Bachelor’s Degree | 4 years | $30,000-$80,000 | Advancement potential |
| Certificate | 12-24 months | $8,000-$20,000 | Career changers |
| Hospital-Based | 2 years | $5,000-$15,000 | Immediate employment |
What to look for in a program
JRCERT Accreditation: Required for ARRT certification eligibility
Clinical Affiliations: Strong relationships with local hospitals and imaging centers
Pass Rates: ARRT first-time pass rates (national average ~85%)
Job Placement: Employment rates for recent graduates
Equipment: Modern imaging equipment for training
Simulation Labs: Practice opportunities before clinical rotations
Program curriculum structure
Year 1:
- Introduction to radiologic sciences
- Radiographic anatomy and positioning
- Patient care fundamentals
- Radiation physics
- Clinical rotations (basic procedures)
Year 2:
- Advanced positioning techniques
- Fluoroscopy and contrast procedures
- Specialized imaging
- Pathology and image analysis
- Clinical rotations (advanced)
Cost breakdown: Radiologic technology training
Tuition and Fees
| Program Type | Tuition Range | Additional Fees |
|---|---|---|
| Community College Associate | $10,000-$20,000 | $1,000-$3,000 |
| Technical College | $15,000-$30,000 | $1,500-$4,000 |
| University Bachelor’s | $30,000-$80,000 | $2,000-$5,000 |
| Hospital-Based | $5,000-$15,000 | $500-$2,000 |
Additional Expenses
| Item | Estimated Cost |
|---|---|
| Scrubs and uniforms | $100-$300 |
| Textbooks and materials | $800-$1,500 |
| Dosimetry badges | $50-$100/semester |
| Background check | $50-$100 |
| Drug screening | $40-$75 |
| CPR/BLS certification | $50-$100 |
| ARRT exam fee | $225 |
| State license fee | $50-$200 |
| Lead markers | $30-$75 |
Financial aid options
- Federal Pell Grants: Up to $7,395 annually for qualifying students
- Federal Student Loans: Subsidized and unsubsidized options
- State Grants: Healthcare workforce development funds
- Hospital Sponsorships: Work commitment for tuition assistance
- Scholarships: ASRT and state society scholarships
- Military Benefits: GI Bill covers approved programs
Radiologic Technologist salary and job outlook
National salary data
Salary by Experience Level
| Experience | Typical Annual Salary |
|---|---|
| Entry-Level (0-2 years) | $39,084-$52,112 |
| Mid-Career (3-7 years) | $52,112-$65,140 |
| Experienced (8-15 years) | $65,140-$78,168 |
| Senior/Specialist (15+ years) | $78,168-$97,710 |
Salary by Work Setting
| Setting | Median Annual Salary |
|---|---|
| Outpatient Care Centers | $72,000-$80,000 |
| Specialty Hospitals | $68,000-$75,000 |
| General Medical Hospitals | $62,000-$70,000 |
| Physician Offices | $58,000-$65,000 |
| Mobile Imaging Services | $60,000-$72,000 |
Salary by Specialization
| Specialty | Median Annual Salary |
|---|---|
| CT Technologist | $70,000-$85,000 |
| MRI Technologist | $75,000-$90,000 |
| Mammography Technologist | $65,000-$78,000 |
| Interventional Radiology | $80,000-$100,000 |
| General Radiography | $60,000-$70,000 |
Job Outlook
- Current Employment: 234,700 radiologic technologists nationwide
- Projected Growth (2022-2032): 6% (faster than average)
- Annual Job Openings: 17,400 positions
- Growth Factors: Aging population, increased imaging utilization, new diagnostic applications
Salary by State
Career advancement opportunities
Specialization Options
Imaging Modalities:
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Mammography
- Bone Densitometry
- Cardiovascular-Interventional Radiography
- Fluoroscopy
Advanced Roles:
- Lead radiologic technologist
- Quality assurance coordinator
- PACS administrator
- Radiology supervisor/manager
- Clinical instructor
Advanced Certifications
| Certification | Requirements | Salary Impact |
|---|---|---|
| CT (Computed Tomography) | ARRT(R) + structured education + clinical | +$5,000-$15,000 |
| MRI | ARRT(R) + structured education + clinical | +$10,000-$20,000 |
| Mammography | ARRT(R) + structured education + clinical | +$3,000-$10,000 |
| CV (Cardiovascular) | Additional program + experience | +$15,000-$25,000 |
Career Paths
| Role | Requirements | Salary Range |
|---|---|---|
| CT Technologist | ARRT(R)(CT) certification | $70,000-$85,000 |
| MRI Technologist | ARRT(R)(MR) certification | $75,000-$90,000 |
| Radiology Supervisor | 5+ years + leadership skills | $75,000-$95,000 |
| Imaging Manager | Bachelor’s + experience | $85,000-$115,000 |
| Radiology Educator | Master’s + experience | $65,000-$85,000 |
Related career transitions
- Radiation Therapist: Additional 12-24 month program
- Diagnostic Medical Sonographer: Bridge programs available
- Nuclear Medicine Technologist: Additional certification
- Healthcare Administration: Management pathway
Pros and challenges of this career
Benefits
- Strong salary ($65,140 median) for associate degree
- Steady job growth (6%) and 17,400 annual openings
- Multiple specialization pathways
- Technology-focused healthcare role
- Defined work hours in many settings
- Clear advancement opportunities
- Direct impact on patient diagnosis
- Variety of work environments available
Challenges
- Radiation exposure concerns (though minimal with proper protection)
- Physically demanding (lifting, standing)
- Weekend, holiday, and on-call shifts common
- Fast-paced, high-volume work environments
- Emotional demands with seriously ill patients
- Continuing education requirements
- State licensing complexity
- Night shifts required in hospital settings
Frequently asked questions
How long does it take to become a radiologic technologist?
Most radiologic technology programs take 2 years for an associate degree. Including ARRT certification and state licensing, you can begin working within 2-2.5 years. Bachelor’s degree programs take 4 years but offer better advancement opportunities.
How much does radiologic technology school cost?
Associate degree programs typically cost $10,000-$30,000 at community or technical colleges. Bachelor’s programs range from $30,000-$80,000. Hospital-based programs may offer lower tuition, sometimes with work commitments.
Is radiologic technology a good career choice?
Radiologic technology offers excellent career prospects with strong salary ($65,140 median), steady growth (6%), and 17,400 annual openings. Multiple specialization paths (CT, MRI, mammography) allow salary increases to $75,000-$100,000. The career suits those interested in both technology and patient care.
Is ARRT certification required?
ARRT certification is required by most employers and necessary for state licensure in regulated states. You must graduate from a JRCERT-accredited program to be eligible for ARRT certification.
What is the difference between a radiologic technologist and a radiology technician?
The terms are often used interchangeably. “Radiologic technologist” is the more formal, professional title recognized by ARRT. “X-ray technician” is a common informal term. All refer to professionals who operate diagnostic imaging equipment.
How much radiation exposure do radiologic technologists receive?
With proper safety protocols (shielding, distance, dosimetry monitoring), radiation exposure is minimal and well within safe limits. Regulatory bodies set strict exposure limits that are rarely approached. Most technologists receive far less radiation than natural background levels.
Can I specialize after becoming a radiologic technologist?
Yes, ARRT offers numerous post-primary certifications including CT, MRI, mammography, bone densitometry, and cardiovascular-interventional radiography. Specializing typically requires additional structured education, clinical experience, and passing specialty exams.
What skills do radiologic technologists need?
Essential skills include technical aptitude with imaging equipment, attention to detail for image quality, patient communication and positioning skills, knowledge of anatomy, radiation safety awareness, and ability to work under pressure in emergency situations.
How much do radiologic technologists make per hour?
Based on national averages, radiologic technologists earn approximately $27-$31 per hour at the median level. Entry-level positions start around $19-$25 per hour, while experienced technologists in specialized modalities can earn $37-$47 per hour.
Do radiologic technologists work in hospitals?
Yes, hospitals are the largest employer of radiologic technologists. They work in emergency departments, surgical suites, inpatient floors, and outpatient imaging departments. Hospital positions often include benefits but may require shift work.
What is the job outlook for radiologic technologists?
The BLS projects 6% growth through 2032 with 17,400 annual job openings. An aging population requiring more diagnostic imaging and advances in imaging technology drive continued demand.
Can radiologic technologists become doctors?
While any career can transition to medicine with appropriate education, radiologic technologists can also advance within imaging through roles like radiologist assistant (requires master’s degree) or move into healthcare administration, education, or specialized technologist roles.
How to get started today
Ready to begin your radiologic technology career? Follow these steps:
- Research Programs: Use the search tool below to find JRCERT-accredited radiography programs in your area
- Compare Options: Consider program length, cost, clinical sites, and ARRT pass rates
- Check Prerequisites: Verify required courses and application requirements
- Apply for Financial Aid: Complete the FAFSA and explore scholarship opportunities
- Apply to Programs: Submit applications before deadlines
Additional Resources
Certification and Accreditation
- American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT): arrt.org – Certification requirements and exam information
- Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT): jrcert.org – Find accredited programs
Professional Organizations
- American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT): asrt.org – Professional development, advocacy, and resources
- State Radiologic Technology Societies: Local networking and continuing education
Continuing Education
- ASRT Learning Center: Online CE courses for ARRT renewal
- Manufacturer Training: Equipment-specific certifications
- Professional Conferences: ASRT annual meeting and regional conferences
State licensing information
- Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors: crcpd.org – State regulatory information
- State Health Departments: Specific licensing requirements